Conditions affecting absorption can include autoimmune gastritis or pernicious anemia, gastrointestinal disorders, and certain types of stomach or intestinal surgery.
Older adults
Absorption of food-bound vitamin B12 can become less efficient with age, making deficiency more likely in some older adults.
People taking certain medications
Long-term use of some medications can interfere with B12 absorption. Examples documented by the NIH include metformin and proton-pump inhibitors.
Do not stop prescribed medication because of this possibility. A healthcare professional can determine whether testing or supplementation is appropriate.
How Is Vitamin B12 Deficiency Diagnosed?
Symptoms alone are not enough to confirm B12 deficiency because many of them overlap with other conditions.
Diagnosis usually involves your symptoms, medical history, examination, and blood tests. Additional testing may sometimes be required to identify why the deficiency developed.
Finding the underlying cause matters because treatment may differ depending on whether the problem comes from diet or impaired absorption.
Can You Simply Take a Vitamin B12 Supplement?
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